Putellas was one of five players nominated from the Barcelona team following their first Champions League triumph along with winning the Primera Division title.
She was the highest-scoring midfielder in Europe with 26 goals in all competitions last season.
The 27-year-old was also named UEFA’s Women’s Player of the Year and midfielder of the year.
Barcelona team-mate Jennifer Hermoso was second, with Chelsea forward Sam Kerr third and Arsenal striker Vivianne Miedema fourth.
Speaking through a translator at the Paris ceremony, Putellas said:
“I’m very emotional, it’s a very special moment.
“I would like to start by thanking all my team-mates, especially my current [Barcelona] team-mates. For me it’s a collective success.”